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Scandium vs Titanium

Scandium
Titanium
Titanium vs Scandium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc   
Ti   
Group Number
3   
15
4   
14
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440202   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1791   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %   
15
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
18
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
23
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
16
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C   
24
1,660.00 °C   
18
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C   
35
3,287.00 °C   
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray-White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa   
12
716.00 MPa   
15
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
830.00 MPa   
14
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,090.00 m/s   
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc   
Ti   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
23   
16
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
1.54   
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02   
21
1.09   
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.32   
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.19   
36
1.38   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
2.46   
28
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
658.80 kJ/mol   
39
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
4,174.60 kJ/mol   
32
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
9,581.00 kJ/mol   
5
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
11,533.00 kJ/mol   
6
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
13,590.00 kJ/mol   
6
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
16,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
18,530.00 kJ/mol   
11
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
20,833.00 kJ/mol   
15
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
25,575.00 kJ/mol   
14
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
28,125.00 kJ/mol   
14
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
76,015.00 kJ/mol   
1
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
83,280.00 kJ/mol   
2
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
90,880.00 kJ/mol   
3
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
100,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
109,100.00 kJ/mol   
5
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
117,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
129,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
137,530.00 kJ/mol   
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21   
99+
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
21   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
24   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
21   
99+
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm   
26
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm   
25
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Calcium
  
Scandium
  
Next Element
Titanium
  
Vanadium
  
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)   
24
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
7
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)   
3
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa   
24
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa   
21
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa   
26
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
18
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.99   
99+
4.51   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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