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Titanium vs Scandium

Titanium
Scandium
Scandium vs Titanium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti  
Sc  
Group Number
4  
14
3  
15
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1791  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %  
9
3 * 10-6 %  
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %  
9
~0.000004 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
Not Available  
0.00 p.p.m.  
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C  
18
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C  
22
2,832.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray-White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa  
15
750.00 MPa  
12
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa  
14
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s  
9
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ti  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23  
16
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
26
1.36  
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09  
20
1.02  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32  
23
1.20  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
32
1.19  
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46  
28
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
32
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
6
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
6
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
14
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
2
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
3
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
17
3.50 eV  
31
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22  
99+
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
34
162.00 pm  
26
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
30
170.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
211.00 pm  
25
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
58.00 (-eV)  
24
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.59  
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
9
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
29.10 GPa  
24
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
56.60 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
18
74.40 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51  
99+
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
18.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
314.20 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
14.10 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
343.00 kJ/mol  
28
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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