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Seaborgium vs Niobium

Seaborgium
Niobium
Niobium vs Seaborgium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sg  
Nb  
Group Number
6  
12
5  
13
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54038812  
9
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1974  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
-  
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa  
34
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa  
33
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s  
35
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sg  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.90  
8
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
-  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
106  
12
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
106  
12
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
106  
12
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
143.00 pm  
99+
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
230.00 pm  
24
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
269.00 amu  
9
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dubnium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Bohrium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
-  
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.36  
99+
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
35.00 g/cm3  
4
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
35.00 g/cm3  
4
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
30.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
12.60 GPa  
99+
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
35.00  
6
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
1,200.00 K  
99+
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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