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Sodium
Sodium

Calcium
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Sodium vs Calcium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Na
Ca
1.2 Group Number
12
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
34
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74402357440702
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00225.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1807
In 1808
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %7 * 10-3 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %~0.007 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %1.10 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %5.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.14 %1.40 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-360.50 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.170,000.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
97.72 °C839.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
883.00 °C1,484.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
0.501.75
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa170.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Na
Ca
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1719
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.931.00
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.560.95
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.011.04
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.911.08
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
0.871.03
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.073.00
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol8,153.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol10,496.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol12,270.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol14,206.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol18,191.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol20,385.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol57,110.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA63,410.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA70,110.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA78,890.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA86,310.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA94,000.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA104,900.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA111,711.00 kJ/mol
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
1.2.4 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
1.2.6 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
1.2.7 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
1.2.8 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
1.2.9 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
1.2.10 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
1.2.11 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
1.2.12 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
1.2.13 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
1.2.14 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
1.2.15 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
1.4 Electron Work Function
2.75 eV2.87 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
1.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
1120
Lithium
3 117
2.2 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Ar] 4s2
2.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
1120
Lithium
3 117
2.4.2 Number of Neutrons
1220
Lithium
4 184
2.4.3 Number of Electrons
1120
Lithium
3 117
2.5 Radius of an Atom
2.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm197.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
2.5.2 Covalent Radius
166.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm231.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
2.6 Atomic Weight
22.99 amu40.08 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
2.7 Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.8.1 Previous Element
2.8.2 Next Element
2.9 Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
2.10 Lattice Constant
429.06 pm558.84 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
2.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm31.38 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
3.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
3.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
3.4 Vapor Pressure
3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA25.50 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
3.5 Elasticity properties
3.5.1 Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa7.40 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
3.5.2 Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa17.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
3.5.3 Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa20.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
3.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.31
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
3.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
4 Magnetic
4.1 Magnetic Characteristics
4.1.1 Specific Gravity
0.974.58
Lithium
0.53 4500
4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
4.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
4.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
4.2 Electrical Properties
4.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
4.2.2 Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
4.2.4 Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol2.37 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
5 Thermal
5.1 Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
5.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
5.3 Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
5.4 Critical Temperature
2,573.00 KNA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
5.5 Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
5.6 Enthalpy
5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
5.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1