Symbol
-
Sn
Group Number
114
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
35
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74402357440315
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I41/amd
Space Group Number
229.00141.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
-
Discovery
In 1807
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
-
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-30.38 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.1.40 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
97.72 °C231.90 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
883.00 °C2,270.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.501.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa50.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
0.69 MPa50.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s2,730.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.332.40
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
53.00 %51.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
-
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
-
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Formula
-
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1735
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.931.96
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.561.49
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.011.72
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.912.21
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.871.82
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.072.04
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol1,411.80 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol2,943.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol3,930.30 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol7,456.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol7,080.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
49,500.00 kJ/mol70,800.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
49,500.00 kJ/mol70,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
4,960.00 kJ/mol7,086.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
496.00 kJ/mol708.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
495.00 kJ/mol708.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
496.00 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV4.42 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
1150
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
1150
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
1269
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
1150
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm140.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm139.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm217.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu118.71 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol16.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)83.50 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm583.18 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.010.68
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm37.37 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm36.99 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
10.00 MPa15.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa58.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa50.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.370.36
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.977.31
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m115.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.09 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol107.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K66.80 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K505.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)22.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol290.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol7.03 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol301.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K51.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻