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Strontium vs Berkelium

Strontium
Berkelium
Berkelium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr  
Bk  
Group Number
2  
16
14  
4
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440246  
99+
7440406  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1787  
In 1949  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %  
10
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
4
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
769.00 °C  
99+
986.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C  
99+
2,627.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
110.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
15.00 MPa  
99+
1,070.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
4,170.00 m/s  
23
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.43  
39
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sr  
Bk  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
14  
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99  
38
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
0.96  
99+
2.70  
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05  
7
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
13th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
15th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
17th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
22nd Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
24th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
38  
99+
97  
21
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2  
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38  
99+
97  
21
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
150  
12
Number of Electrons
38  
99+
97  
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm  
15
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm  
11
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu  
99+
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
45.50 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm  
6
341.60 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.57  
38
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
14.78 g/cm3  
23
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
13.25 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
70.00 MPa  
31
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
13.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa  
99+
13.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64  
99+
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
35
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K  
38
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,050.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
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