Symbol
Sr
Cd
Group Number
212
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
55
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74402467440439
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1787
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
769.00 °C320.90 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C765.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.502.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
110.00 MPa203.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
15.00 MPa90.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,170.00 m/s2,310.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.431.71
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
65.00 %67.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Sr
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2734
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.951.69
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.721.98
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.991.46
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.001.53
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.961.52
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.052.31
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol4,040.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol8,640.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol8,640.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol8,640.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol8,670.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol8,650.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol8,670.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol86,400.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol8,640.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol8,650.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol86,400.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol86,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.90 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol8,670.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol865.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol8,670.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol864.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.90 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.90 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol864.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.90 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.90 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.90 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.90 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol864.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV4.22 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
3848
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
3848
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
5064
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
3848
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm151.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm144.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm158.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)30.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm297.94 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.89
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm38.00 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa62.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa19.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa42.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa50.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.280.30
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.648.65
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Semiconductor
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m72.70 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K26.02 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K96.60 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,050.00 K594.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)30.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol6.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol113.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻