1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74402467440666
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Indian metallurgists
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %3 * 10-5 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %~0.0002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.8 Abundance In Oceans
2.5.10 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-37.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.170.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
769.00 °C419.58 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C907.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.3 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.8 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol906.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol1,733.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.5 3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol3,833.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.8 4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol5,731.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.10 5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol7,970.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.12 6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol10,400.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.14 7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol12,900.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.16 8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol16,800.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.6.1 9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol19,600.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.6.2 10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol23,000.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.7.1 11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol26,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
6.1.1 12th Energy Level
NA29,990.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
6.1.2 13th Energy Level
NA40,490.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
6.4.2 14th Energy Level
NA43,800.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
6.4.4 15th Energy Level
NA47,300.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
6.4.5 16th Energy Level
NA52,300.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
6.4.7 17th Energy Level
NA55,900.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
6.4.8 18th Energy Level
NA59,700.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
6.5.2 19th Energy Level
NA67,300.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
6.5.4 20th Energy Level
NA171,200.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
6.5.5 21st Energy Level
NA179,100.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
6.5.7 22nd Energy Level
6.5.8 23rd Energy Level
6.6.1 24th Energy Level
6.6.2 25th Energy Level
6.7.1 26th Energy Level
6.7.2 27th Energy Level
6.9.1 28th Energy Level
6.9.2 29th Energy Level
6.10.1 30th Energy Level
6.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr1.22 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
6.14 Electron Work Function
7.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
8.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.5.1 Number of Neutrons
8.6.1 Number of Electrons
8.8 Radius of an Atom
8.8.1 Atomic Radius
215.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
8.8.3 Covalent Radius
195.00 pm122.00 pm
96
260
8.9.2 Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm139.00 pm
139
348
8.10 Atomic Weight
87.62 amu65.38 amu
6.94
294
8.11 Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol9.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.12.1 Previous Element
8.12.2 Next Element
8.13 Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
8.16 Lattice Constant
608.49 pm266.49 pm
228.58
891.25
9.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm37.14 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm36.57 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.3 Tensile Strength
10.4 Viscosity
10.5 Vapor Pressure
10.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
10.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.6 Elasticity properties
10.6.1 Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa43.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.2.1 Bulk Modulus
11.3.1 Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa108.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.4 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.3 Permeability
12.2.2 Susceptibility
12.3 Electrical Properties
12.3.1 Electrical Property
12.3.2 Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m59.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.17 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.3.5 Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.39 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K25.47 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K116.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)30.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol129.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1