1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74402577440586
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
- Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product Zirconium Refining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %7 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
- Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
-
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
2,996.00 °C2,150.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C5,400.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa1,450.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa1,520.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s3,010.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol658.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol1,440.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
NA2,250.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA3,216.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr1.66 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm159.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
170.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
180.95 amu178.49 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol13.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)81.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
330.13 pm319.64 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm313.31 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm312.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa78.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m331.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.14 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K25.73 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K23.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)5.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol661.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol25.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K43.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1