Terbium Gadolinium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Gd
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440542
33
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1842
In 1880
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
1,311.00 °C
35
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
3,233.00 °C
25
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
510.00 MPa
22
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Gd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.20
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.80
15
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
593.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
4,250.00 kJ/mol
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
1.96 g/amp-hr
32
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
64
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
64
99+
Number of Neutrons
94
36
93
37
Number of Electrons
65
99+
64
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
46.10 (-eV)
34
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
363.60 pm
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
1.59
9
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
7.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
7.40 g/cm3
31
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
0.00 (Pa)
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
7.39 (Pa)
9
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
21.80 GPa
33
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
37.90 GPa
34
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
54.80 GPa
35
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.26
23
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
7.90
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
1.31 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
37.03 J/mol·K
2
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
10.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
9.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
359.40 kJ/mol
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
10.05 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
352.00 kJ/mol
27
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
68.10 J/mol.K
16
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