Terbium vs Americium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Am
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440359
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Discovery
In 1842
In 1944
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
- In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
994.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
2,607.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Am
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.20
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
578.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
3,493.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
3.02 g/amp-hr
17
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
95
23
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
95
23
Number of Neutrons
94
36
148
12
Number of Electrons
65
99+
95
23
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
173.00 pm
21
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
180.00 pm
21
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
244.00 pm
10
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
243.00 amu
20
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
17.86 cm3/mol
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
44.00 (-eV)
40
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
346.81 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
12.00 g/cm3
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
Not Available
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
0.00 (Pa)
13
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
Not Available
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
13.67
15
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
0.69 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.11 J/(kg K)
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
62.70 J/mol·K
1
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
14.39 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
268.00 kJ/mol
40
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
Not Available
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