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Terbium vs Holmium

Terbium
Holmium
Holmium vs Terbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb  
Ho  
Group Number
Not Available  
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440279  
99+
7440600  
29
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Marc Delafontaine  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1878  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %  
27
5 * 10-8 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %  
29
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C  
33
1,461.00 °C  
30
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C  
29
2,600.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa  
17
746.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa  
13
481.00 MPa  
23
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s  
35
2,760.00 m/s  
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb  
Ho  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.23  
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
30
1.10  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available  
2.77  
17
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,204.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol  
31
4,100.00 kJ/mol  
34
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr  
31
2.02 g/amp-hr  
29
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV  
36
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65  
99+
67  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Xe] 4f11 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
65  
99+
67  
99+
Number of Neutrons
94  
36
98  
34
Number of Electrons
65  
99+
67  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm  
17
176.00 pm  
18
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm  
16
192.00 pm  
17
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
22
216.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu  
99+
164.93 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol  
22
18.70 cm3/mol  
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Dysprosium
  
Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Erbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)  
33
47.90 (-eV)  
31
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm  
36
357.73 pm  
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
13
1.57  
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3  
99+
8.79 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3  
30
8.34 g/cm3  
26
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
17
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)  
8
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa  
32
26.30 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa  
33
40.20 GPa  
32
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa  
34
64.80 GPa  
31
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.23  
29
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.23  
39
8.80  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m  
99+
814.00 nΩ·m  
4
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
33
0.16 J/(kg K)  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K  
9
27.15 J/mol·K  
19
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K  
99+
16.20 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)  
38
11.20 µm/(m·K)  
35
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol  
26
241.00 kJ/mol  
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol  
34
11.76 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
301.00 kJ/mol  
36
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
75.30 J/mol.K  
8
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