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Terbium vs Neodymium

Terbium
Neodymium
Neodymium vs Terbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb  
Nd  
Group Number
Not Available  
1  
17
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440279  
99+
7440008  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %  
27
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %  
29
~0.0000003 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
30
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C  
33
1,010.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C  
29
3,127.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa  
17
265.00 MPa  
35
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa  
13
345.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s  
35
2,330.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb  
Nd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.14  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
30
1.07  
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available  
2.86  
13
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol  
31
3,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr  
31
1.79 g/amp-hr  
37
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV  
36
3.20 eV  
34
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65  
99+
60  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Xe] 4f4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
65  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Neutrons
94  
36
84  
40
Number of Electrons
65  
99+
60  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm  
17
181.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm  
16
201.00 pm  
10
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
22
229.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu  
99+
144.24 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol  
22
20.60 cm3/mol  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Praseodymium
  
Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Promethium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)  
33
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm  
36
365.80 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
13
1.61  
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3  
99+
7.01 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3  
30
6.89 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
17
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)  
8
101.00 (Pa)  
2
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa  
32
16.30 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa  
33
31.80 GPa  
37
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa  
34
41.40 GPa  
40
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.23  
39
7.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
NA  
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m  
99+
643.00 nΩ·m  
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
33
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K  
9
27.45 J/mol·K  
17
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K  
99+
16.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)  
38
9.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol  
26
273.00 kJ/mol  
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol  
34
7.14 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
322.00 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
71.50 J/mol.K  
13
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