1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
74402807440406
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.3.1 Abundance In Meteorites
1.7.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.12.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.14.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
303.50 °C986.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C2,627.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.2 Brinell Hardness
5.4.5 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.2 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.2.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.2.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.2.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.2.5 Allen Electronegativity
9.2 Electropositivity
9.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.3 Ionization Energies
9.3.1 1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol601.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
2.1.1 2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol1,186.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
2.2.1 3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol2,152.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
2.3.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,434.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
2.9.1 5th Energy Level
2.11.1 6th Energy Level
2.11.3 7th Energy level
3.6.3 8th Energy Level
3.6.4 9th Energy Level
3.7.1 10th Energy Level
3.8.2 11th Energy Level
3.8.5 12th Energy Level
4.2.2 13th Energy Level
4.3.3 14th Energy Level
5.2.4 15th Energy Level
5.3.1 16th Energy Level
5.3.4 17th Energy Level
6.1.2 18th Energy Level
6.1.3 19th Energy Level
6.3.3 20th Energy Level
6.3.4 21st Energy Level
6.6.2 22nd Energy Level
6.6.3 23rd Energy Level
7.2.3 24th Energy Level
7.2.5 25th Energy Level
7.2.6 26th Energy Level
7.2.9 27th Energy Level
7.2.10 28th Energy Level
7.4.3 29th Energy Level
7.4.4 30th Energy Level
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.3 Electron Work Function
8.4 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
9.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
9.5.5 Number of Neutrons
9.5.9 Number of Electrons
9.6 Radius of an Atom
9.6.1 Atomic Radius
170.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
9.6.3 Covalent Radius
9.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
9.10 Atomic Weight
204.38 amu247.00 amu
6.94
294
9.12 Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
9.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.13.1 Previous Element
9.13.2 Next Element
9.14 Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)45.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.15 Lattice Constant
345.66 pm341.60 pm
228.58
891.25
9.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm314.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.8 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm313.25 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
10.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.6 Elasticity properties
10.6.1 Shear Modulus
10.7.1 Bulk Modulus
10.7.4 Young's Modulus
10.8 Poisson Ratio
11.2 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.5 Permeability
12.4.4 Susceptibility
12.5 Electrical Properties
12.5.1 Electrical Property
12.5.2 Resistivity
12.5.7 Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
12.5.14 Electron Affinity
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
13.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
13.6 Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.8 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
14.10 Enthalpy
14.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
15.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.1.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1