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Thallium vs Curium

Thallium
Curium
Curium vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Cm  
Group Number
13  
5
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
7440519  
36
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Not Available  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
Not Available  
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %  
32
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Unknown  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
33
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
1,340.00 °C  
34
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
3,110.00 °C  
30
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
20
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Cm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
21
1.30  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
5
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
17
1.20  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
6
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
13
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
3.07 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
28
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81  
35
96  
22
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
96  
22
Number of Neutrons
123  
20
151  
10
Number of Electrons
81  
35
96  
22
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
22
174.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
39
169.00 pm  
26
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
30
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
31
18.28 cm3/mol  
26
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Americium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Berkelium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
44.50 (-eV)  
38
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
Not Available  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
6
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
31
13.51 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
13
13.85 g/cm3  
10
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
28
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
Unknown  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
22
13.51  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
32
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
32
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Not Available  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
29
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Not Available  
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
15.00 kJ/mol  
21
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
19
Not Available  
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