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Thorium Iron Comparison


Iron Thorium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Th   
Fe   

Group Number
0   
18
8   
10

Period Number
7   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7439896   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Unknown   

Discovery
In 1829   
Before 5000 BC   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1

Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.1 %   
1

Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
22.00 %   
1

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
6.30 %   
2

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
12

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.01 %   
5

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3

In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
380.00 p.p.m.   
5

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
1,535.00 °C   
25

Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
2,750.00 °C   
37

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
4.00   
10

Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
200.00 MPa   
40

Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
608.00 MPa   
18

Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
5,120.00 m/s   
8

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
65.00 %   
12

Allotropes
No   
Yes   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Th   
Fe   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
28   
11
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.83   
14

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.64   
8

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.80   
12

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.17   
40

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
762.50 kJ/mol   
17

2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36

3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29

4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4

24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.70 eV   
10

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
90   
28
26   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
90   
28
26   
99+

Number of Neutrons
142   
15
30   
99+

Number of Electrons
90   
28
26   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
126.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
132.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
55.85 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Actinium
  
Manganese
  

Next Element
Cobalt
  

Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
67.00 (-eV)   
20

Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
286.65 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
7.87 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.98 g/cm3   
35

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
28

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
36.80 (Pa)   
5

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
82.00 GPa   
11

Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
170.00 GPa   
10

Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
211.00 GPa   
9

Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.29   
15

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
7.20   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   

Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1

Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
96.10 nΩ·m   
32

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
15.70 kJ/mol   
34

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13

Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
80.40 W/m·K   
22

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
351.00 kJ/mol   
23

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
14.90 kJ/mol   
22

Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
414.20 kJ/mol   
19

Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+

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