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Iron Thorium Comparison

Iron
Thorium
Thorium Iron comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Th  
Group Number
8  
10
0  
18
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %  
1
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
Physical
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
39
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
99+
390.00 MPa  
35
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
27
295.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
12
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
15.00 %  
36
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
-  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
-  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
15
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
9
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
15
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
3.41 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
26  
99+
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
142  
16
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
179.80 pm  
17
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
237.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
59.30 (-eV)  
24
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
508.42 pm  
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.35  
99+
1.10  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
11.72 g/cm3  
34
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
75.00 MPa  
30
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
54.00 GPa  
23
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
11.70  
36
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.01 H/m  
1
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
200,000.00  
1
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K  
29
2,023.00 K  
20
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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