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Thorium vs Iron

Thorium
Iron
Iron vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Fe   
Group Number
0   
18
8   
10
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1829   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.64   
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
90   
28
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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