Home
 Compare Metals

Thorium Osmium Comparison

Thorium
Osmium
Osmium Thorium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
Os  
Group Number
0  
18
8  
10
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1829  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
35
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
15.00 %  
36
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Th  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
99+
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
90  
28
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
142  
16
114  
26
Number of Electrons
90  
28
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
17
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
24
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
16
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.10  
99+
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
34
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.72 g/cm3  
32
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
23
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
36
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
2,023.00 K  
20
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
<< Thermal

Compare Actinide Series

Actinide Series

Actinide Series

» More Actinide Series

Compare Actinide Series

» More Compare Actinide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!