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Osmium Thorium Comparison

Osmium
Thorium
Thorium Osmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Th   
Group Number
8   
10
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
142   
15
Number of Electrons
76   
39
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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