Home
 Compare Metals

Thorium vs Rubidium

Thorium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
Rb  
Group Number
0  
18
1  
17
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1829  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %  
9
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %  
9
~0.000003 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
29
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
12
0.30  
24
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
29
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
29
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
36
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.31  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
0.89  
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.69  
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
Not Available  
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
24
3.19 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
32
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90  
28
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
142  
15
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
90  
28
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
15
248.00 pm  
2
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
15
303.00 pm  
3
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
20
55.90 cm3/mol  
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
23
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
14
558.50 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
32
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
21
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
22
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
24
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
23
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
31
0.08 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
46.90 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
30
31.06 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
2,093.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
36
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Actinide Series

Actinide Metals

Actinide Metals

» More Actinide Metals

Compare Actinide Series

» More Compare Actinide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!