Symbol
Tm
  
Sn
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
5
  
Block
f block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
I41/amd
  
Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
  
Unknown
  
Discovery
In 1879
  
Before 3500 BC
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %
  
28
~0.0000009 %
  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
NA
  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Dentistry
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
NA
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
  
10
In Bone
Not Available
  
1.40 p.p.m.
  
16
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
  
23
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C
  
99+
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gray
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
Yes
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
  
Chemical Formula
Tm
  
Sn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
  
33
3,930.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,456.00 kJ/mol
  
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
  
26
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Tetragonal (TETR)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
  
99+
118.71 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol
  
28
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)
  
28
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Superconductor
  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω
  
23
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
  
35
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K
  
22
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K
  
99+
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)
  
29
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol
  
17
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K
  
9
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29