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Tin Thulium Comparison


Tin
Thulium Tin comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sn   
Tm   

Group Number
14   
4
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
p block   
f block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440304   
99+

Space Group Name
I41/amd   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
141.00   
7
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Per Teodor Cleve   

Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
1 * 10-8 %   
30

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.00000002 %   
28

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   

Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
Not Available   

In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23

Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
471.00 MPa   
25

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
520.00 MPa   
21

Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sn   
Tm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.25   
35

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.11   
29

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.75   
19

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33

5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26

Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
50   
99+
69   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
50   
99+
69   
99+

Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
100   
32

Number of Electrons
50   
99+
69   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
18.10 cm3/mol   
28

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Indium
  
Erbium
  

Next Element
Cesium
  
Ytterbium
  

Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
49.70 (-eV)   
28

Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
353.75 pm   
40

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
8.56 g/cm3   
24

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
0.06 (Pa)   
10

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
30.50 GPa   
22

Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
44.50 GPa   
26

Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
74.00 GPa   
27

Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.21   
31

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
9.32   
31

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
676.00 nΩ·m   
5

Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35

Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
27.03 J/mol·K   
22

Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
16.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
16.80 kJ/mol   
17

Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
74.00 J/mol.K   
9

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