Symbol
Sn
  
Tm
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Block
p block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
I41/amd
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Per Teodor Cleve
  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
  
In 1879
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
  
19
~0.00000002 %
  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
NA
  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Unknown
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
  
10
Not Available
  
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
  
16
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
  
23
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
1,730.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Sn
  
Tm
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
596.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
2,285.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol
  
33
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
  
13
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
  
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
  
99+
168.93 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
18.10 cm3/mol
  
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
49.70 (-eV)
  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
  
23
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
0.16 J/(kg K)
  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
27.03 J/mol·K
  
22
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
16.90 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
13.30 µm/(m·K)
  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
191.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
16.80 kJ/mol
  
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35
247.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29
74.00 J/mol.K
  
9