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Tin Thulium Comparison

Tin
Thulium
Thulium Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Tm  
Group Number
14  
4
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440304  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Per Teodor Cleve  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
1,545.00 °C  
23
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
1,730.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
471.00 MPa  
30
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
35.00 %  
34
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Tm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.25  
36
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.25  
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.25  
35
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.25  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.75  
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
35
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr  
30
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
2.40 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
69  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
100  
33
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
69  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
168.93 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
18.10 cm3/mol  
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
49.70 (-eV)  
29
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
353.75 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
8.56 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
69.00 MPa  
32
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.06 (Pa)  
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
30.50 GPa  
26
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
44.50 GPa  
30
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
74.00 GPa  
29
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.21  
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
27.03 J/mol·K  
28
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,818.00 K  
27
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
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