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Tin vs Thulium

Tin
Thulium
Thulium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Tm   
Group Number
14   
4
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
Not Available   
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.25   
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
100   
32
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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