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Thulium vs Copper

Thulium
Copper
Copper vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm   
Cu   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440304   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1879   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %   
28
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
Not Available   
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
100   
32
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
69   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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