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Thulium vs Fermium

Thulium
Fermium
Fermium vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm  
Fm  
Group Number
Not Available  
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440304  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Not Available  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
Not Available  
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %  
30
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %  
28
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
Not Available  
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C  
23
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C  
99+
Not Available  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Unknown  
Luster
Metallic  
Not Defined  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa  
25
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa  
21
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25  
35
1.30  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
1.20  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75  
19
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
26
3.20 g/amp-hr  
13
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69  
99+
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69  
99+
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
100  
32
157  
7
Number of Electrons
69  
99+
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
18
Not Available  
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
30
Not Available  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
245.00 pm  
9
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu  
99+
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol  
28
Not Available  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)  
28
Not Available  
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm  
40
Not Available  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
17
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3  
40
Not Available  
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3  
24
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)  
10
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa  
22
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa  
26
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa  
27
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
31
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
31
Not Available  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Unknown  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
Not Available  
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
35
Not Available  
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K  
22
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
Not Available  
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
29
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
Not Available  
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