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Thulium vs Indium

Thulium
Indium
Indium vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm   
In   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440304   
99+
7440746   
17
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve   
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1863   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
3 * 10-8 %   
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %   
28
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
156.61 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
2,000.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
8.80 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
In   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
1.78   
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.14   
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.49   
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
2.22   
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.12 eV   
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69   
99+
49   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69   
99+
49   
99+
Number of Neutrons
100   
32
66   
99+
Number of Electrons
69   
99+
49   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
167.00 pm   
24
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
193.00 pm   
31
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
114.82 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
54.00 (-eV)   
25
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
325.23 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
7.02 g/cm3   
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
2.50 MPa   
21
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
11.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
81.80 W/m·K   
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
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