Thulium vs Uranium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm
U
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440304
99+
7440611
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmcm
Space Group Number
194.00
5
63.00
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Not Available
Discovery
In 1879
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %
28
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
23
1,132.00 °C
39
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C
99+
3,818.00 °C
16
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa
25
2,350.00 MPa
2
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa
21
1,960.00 MPa
2
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,155.00 m/s
25
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm
U
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25
35
1.38
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.22
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75
19
2.62
26
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.63 eV
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69
99+
92
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
69
99+
92
26
Number of Neutrons
100
32
146
13
Number of Electrons
69
99+
92
26
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
186.00 pm
33
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
99+
238.03 amu
21
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol
28
12.59 cm3/mol
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)
28
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm
40
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3
40
19.10 g/cm3
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3
24
17.30 g/cm3
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa
22
111.00 GPa
10
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa
26
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa
27
208.00 GPa
10
Poisson Ratio
0.21
31
0.23
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
18.80
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m
5
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K
22
27.67 J/mol·K
15
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K
99+
27.50 W/m·K
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
477.00 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol
17
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
489.50 kJ/mol
14
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K
9
50.20 J/mol.K
31
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