Symbol
Sn
Bi
Group Number
1415
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
56
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74403157440699
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
I41/amd
C12/m1
Space Group Number
141.0012.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
-
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-30.02 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.0.20 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
231.90 °C271.30 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C1,560.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
-
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.502.25
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s1,790.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.402.50
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
51.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
-
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
-
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
-
Chemical Formula
Sn
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3533
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.962.02
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.492.34
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.721.67
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.212.15
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.822.01
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.041.98
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol1,610.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol2,466.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol8,520.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr2.60 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV4.22 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
5083
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
5083
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
69126
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
5083
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm156.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm148.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm207.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu208.98 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol21.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)41.90 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm667.40 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.681.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm310.05 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa32.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa12.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa31.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa32.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.360.33
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.319.79
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m1.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol91.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K7.97 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
505.00 K544.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol151.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol10.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol207.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K56.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻