Tin

Chromium

Tin vs Chromium

Tin

Chromium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

146

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

p block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Post-Transition

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74403157440473

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

I41/amd

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

141.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.

Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.

Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.

Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Unknown

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

2.3.2 Discovery

Before 3500 BC

In Between 1797 - 1798

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

4 * 10^-7 %1.5 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000009 %~0.002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.30 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.

It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.38 Blood/mg dm-30.11 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

1.40 p.p.m.0.33 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

231.90 °C1,857.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,270.00 °C2,672.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

1.508.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

50.00 MPa687.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA1,060.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,730.00 m/s5,940.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

White Tin (Beta Tin)

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3521

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.961.66

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.491.66

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.721.56

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.21NA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.821.65

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.042.34

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

708.60 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,411.80 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,943.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,930.30 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

7,456.00 kJ/mol97,510.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA105,800.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

1.1.1 7th Energy level

NA114,300.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

1.1.2 8th Energy Level

NA125,300.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

1.2.1 9th Energy Level

NA134,700.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

1.3.1 10th Energy Level

NA144,300.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

1.3.2 11th Energy Level

NA26,130.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

1.4.1 12th Energy Level

NA28,750.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

1.4.2 13th Energy Level

NA34,230.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

1.5.1 14th Energy Level

NA37,066.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

1.6.2 15th Energy Level

NA97,510.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

1.6.3 16th Energy Level

NA105,800.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

1.6.5 17th Energy Level

NA114,300.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

1.6.6 18th Energy Level

NA125,300.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

1.6.8 19th Energy Level

NA134,700.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

1.6.9 20th Energy Level

NA144,300.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

1.7.1 21st Energy Level

NA157,700.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

1.7.2 22nd Energy Level

NA166,090.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

1.7.3 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

1.7.4 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

1.7.5 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

1.7.6 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

1.7.7 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

1.7.8 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

1.7.9 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

1.7.10 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

1.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.11 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

1.9 Electron Work Function

4.42 eV4.50 eV

2.14 5.65

1.10 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Solubility

Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

2 Atomic

2.1 Atomic Number

5024

3 117

2.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

2.3 Crystal Structure

Tetragonal (TETR)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

2.3.1 Crystal Lattice

2.4 Atom

2.4.1 Number of Protons

5024

3 117

2.4.2 Number of Neutrons

6928

4 184

2.4.3 Number of Electrons

5024

3 117

2.5 Radius of an Atom

2.5.1 Atomic Radius

140.00 pm128.00 pm

112 265

2.5.2 Covalent Radius

139.00 pm139.00 pm

96 260

2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

217.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

2.6 Atomic Weight

118.71 amu52.00 amu

6.94 294

2.7 Atomic Volume

16.30 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

2.8.1 Previous Element

2.8.2 Next Element

2.9 Valence Electron Potential

83.50 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

2.10 Lattice Constant

583.18 pm291.00 pm

228.58 891.25

2.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

3 Mechanical

3.1 Density

3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

7.37 g/cm³7.19 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.99 g/cm36.30 g/cm3

0.512 20

3.2 Tensile Strength

NA689.00 MPa

2.5 11000

3.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

3.4 Vapor Pressure

3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA774.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

3.5 Elasticity properties

3.5.1 Shear Modulus

18.00 GPa115.00 GPa

1.3 222

3.5.2 Bulk Modulus

58.00 GPa160.00 GPa

1.6 462

3.5.3 Young's Modulus

50.00 GPa279.00 GPa

1.7 528

3.6 Poisson Ratio

0.360.21

0.032 0.47

3.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

4 Magnetic

4.1 Magnetic Characteristics

4.1.1 Specific Gravity

7.317.19

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Antiferromagnetic

4.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Electrical Properties

4.2.1 Electrical Property

Superconductor

4.2.2 Resistivity

115.00 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.09 10⁶/cm Ω0.08 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 Electron Affinity

107.30 kJ/mol64.30 kJ/mol

0 222.8

5 Thermal

5.1 Specific Heat

0.23 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

5.2 Molar Heat Capacity

27.11 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

5.3 Thermal Conductivity

66.80 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

5.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

5.5 Thermal Expansion

22.00 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

5.6 Enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

290.40 kJ/mol348.80 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

7.03 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

301.30 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol

61.5 837

5.7 Standard Molar Entropy

51.20 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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