Symbol
Ti
Bi
Group Number
415
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
46
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74403267440699
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
Space Group Number
194.0012.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1791
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.57 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-30.02 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.60 p.p.m.0.20 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C271.30 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C1,560.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray-White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.002.25
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s1,790.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.402.50
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
56.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ti
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2333
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.542.02
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.092.34
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.321.67
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.542.15
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.382.01
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.461.98
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,610.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol2,466.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol8,520.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr2.60 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV4.22 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
2283
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2283
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
26126
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2283
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm156.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm148.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm207.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu208.98 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol21.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)41.90 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm667.40 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm310.05 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa32.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa12.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa31.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa32.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.320.33
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.519.79
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m1.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol91.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K7.97 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,941.00 K544.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol151.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol10.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol207.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K56.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻