Tungsten

Scandium

Tungsten Scandium Comparison

Tungsten

Scandium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74403377440202

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.

Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Not Available

Lars Fredrik Nilson

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1781

In 1879

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-8 %3 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000004 %~0.000004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.

Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.

Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

3,410.00 °C1,539.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

5,660.00 °C2,832.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Grayish White

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Lustrous

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

7.50NA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

2,000.00 MPa750.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

3,430.00 MPaNA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

4,620.00 m/sNA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

62.00 %NA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3313

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.361.36

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.981.02

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.401.20

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.471.19

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.642.64

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

770.00 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,700.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

NA2,388.60 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA7,090.60 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA8,843.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA10,679.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA13,310.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA15,250.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA17,370.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA21,726.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NA24,102.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NA66,320.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NA73,010.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NA80,160.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NA89,490.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NA97,400.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NA105,600.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NA117,000.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NA124,270.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.14 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.55 eV3.50 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

7421

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²

[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

7421

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

11024

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

7421

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

139.00 pm162.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

162.00 pm170.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm211.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

183.84 amu44.96 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

9.53 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

140.00 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

316.52 pm330.90 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.59

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

19.25 g/cm³2.99 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

17.60 g/cm32.80 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

370.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)91.30 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

161.00 GPa29.10 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

310.00 GPa56.60 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

411.00 GPa74.40 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.280.28

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

19.222.99

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Superconductor

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

52.80 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.19 10⁶/cm Ω0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

78.60 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.27 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

173.00 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

4.50 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

799.10 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

35.23 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

837.00 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

32.60 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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