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Tungsten vs Nickel

Tungsten
Nickel
Nickel vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Ni  
Group Number
6  
12
10  
8
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %  
27
6 * 10-3 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %  
23
~0.008 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
35
0.70 p.p.m.  
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,732.00 °C  
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
4.00  
10
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
667.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
1
638.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
16
4,900.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
13
72.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
2
1.91  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
23
1.94  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
19
1.75  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
29
1.88  
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
25
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
13
5.15 eV  
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74  
99+
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
27
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
39
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
29
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
163.00 pm  
40
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
5
7.81 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
10
345.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
200.00 GPa  
11
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
9
8.90  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
Not Available  
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.14 106/cm Ω  
13
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
13
112.00 kJ/mol  
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
31
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
371.80 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
422.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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