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Uranium vs Cadmium

Uranium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U   
Cd   
Group Number
0   
18
12   
6
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440611   
28
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
63.00   
10
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
11
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
Not Available   
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C   
39
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C   
16
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa   
2
203.00 MPa   
39
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s   
25
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38   
28
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62   
26
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV   
30
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92   
26
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92   
26
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
146   
13
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
92   
26
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm   
33
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu   
21
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3   
17
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3   
7
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa   
10
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa   
10
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
30
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80   
10
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K   
40
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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