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Uranium vs Cadmium

Uranium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U  
Cd  
Group Number
0  
18
12  
6
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440611  
28
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
63.00  
13
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
1.20 p.p.m.  
19
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C  
39
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C  
16
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa  
2
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa  
6
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s  
36
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.38  
40
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
U  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.38  
22
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62  
26
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV  
99+
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
92  
26
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92  
26
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
146  
14
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
92  
26
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm  
40
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu  
21
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol  
99+
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.02  
99+
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3  
17
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3  
17
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
100.00 MPa  
28
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa  
10
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa  
11
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80  
19
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m  
99+
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K  
18
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K  
99+
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
1,405.00 K  
99+
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)  
30
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol  
18
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol  
18
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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