Uranium Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
U
Cd
Group Number
0
18
12
6
Period Number
7
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440611
28
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
63.00
10
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1789
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
Not Available
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
39
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C
16
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
2
203.00 MPa
39
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s
25
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38
28
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62
26
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV
30
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92
26
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
92
26
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
146
13
64
99+
Number of Electrons
92
26
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm
33
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu
21
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol
40
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
4
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
17
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3
7
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)
20
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa
10
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa
10
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.23
30
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
18.80
10
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
Not Available
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K
15
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K
40
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol
13
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol
14
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K
31
51.80 J/mol.K
27
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