Cadmium Uranium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd
U
Group Number
12
6
0
18
Period Number
5
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440439
99+
7440611
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmcm
Space Group Number
194.00
5
63.00
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Not Available
Discovery
In 1817
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %
21
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
11
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
11
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
Not Available
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
320.90 °C
99+
1,132.00 °C
39
Boiling Point
765.00 °C
99+
3,818.00 °C
16
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.00
16
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa
39
2,350.00 MPa
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,960.00 MPa
2
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s
39
3,155.00 m/s
25
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
67.00 %
11
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cd
U
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69
17
1.38
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53
13
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.52
27
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31
37
2.62
26
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
11
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
3.63 eV
30
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
48
99+
92
26
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
48
99+
92
26
Number of Neutrons
64
99+
146
13
Number of Electrons
48
99+
92
26
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm
99+
186.00 pm
33
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu
99+
238.03 amu
21
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
12.59 cm3/mol
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)
99+
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89
1
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3
99+
19.10 g/cm3
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3
28
17.30 g/cm3
7
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa
16
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa
35
111.00 GPa
10
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa
29
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
208.00 GPa
10
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.23
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.65
36
18.80
10
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m
36
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K
32
27.67 J/mol·K
15
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K
16
27.50 W/m·K
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
477.00 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
489.50 kJ/mol
14
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K
27
50.20 J/mol.K
31
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