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Uranium vs Niobium

Uranium
Niobium
Niobium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U  
Nb  
Group Number
0  
18
5  
13
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440611  
28
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
63.00  
13
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
1.20 p.p.m.  
19
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C  
39
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C  
16
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa  
2
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa  
6
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s  
36
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.38  
40
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
U  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.38  
22
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62  
26
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
34
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
92  
26
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92  
26
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
146  
14
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
92  
26
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm  
40
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu  
21
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol  
99+
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.02  
99+
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3  
17
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3  
17
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
100.00 MPa  
28
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa  
10
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa  
11
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80  
19
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m  
99+
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K  
18
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K  
99+
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
1,405.00 K  
99+
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)  
30
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol  
18
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol  
18
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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