Ytterbium Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Ce
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1878
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
Not Available
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.12
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.08
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
103
31
82
99+
Number of Electrons
70
99+
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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