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Ytterbium vs Erbium


Erbium vs Ytterbium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Yb   
Er   

Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440644   
26
7440520   
35

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Carl Gustaf Mosander   

Discovery
In 1878   
In 1842   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
32

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
36

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Mildly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
824.00 °C   
99+
1,522.00 °C   
28

Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C   
99+
2,510.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa   
31
814.00 MPa   
11

Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa   
33
589.00 MPa   
19

Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
2,830.00 m/s   
28

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Yb   
Er   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
31   
8

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.24   
36

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06   
33
1.11   
29

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.76   
18

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
70   
99+
68   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
70   
99+
68   
99+

Number of Neutrons
103   
31
99   
33

Number of Electrons
70   
99+
68   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
189.00 pm   
19

Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm   
12
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
173.05 amu   
99+
167.26 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
18.40 cm3/mol   
25

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Thulium
  
Holmium
  

Next Element
Lutetium
  
Thulium
  

Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)   
27
49.00 (-eV)   
29

Lattice Constant
548.47 pm   
11
355.88 pm   
39

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
9.07 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
8.86 g/cm3   
23

Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa   
18
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
20

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa   
99+
28.30 GPa   
25

Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa   
39
44.40 GPa   
27

Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa   
99+
69.90 GPa   
29

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
33
0.24   
28

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.97   
99+
9.07   
32

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34

Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
28.12 J/mol·K   
11

Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K   
35
14.50 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
26.30 K   
7
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
261.00 kJ/mol   
35

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
17.20 kJ/mol   
15

Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
314.00 kJ/mol   
33

Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
73.10 J/mol.K   
11

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