Ytterbium Erbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Er
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440520
35
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1878
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
36
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
1,522.00 °C
28
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
2,510.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
814.00 MPa
11
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
589.00 MPa
19
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
2,830.00 m/s
28
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Er
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.24
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.76
18
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
68
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
68
99+
Number of Neutrons
103
31
99
33
Number of Electrons
70
99+
68
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
189.00 pm
19
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
Not Available
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
167.26 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
18.40 cm3/mol
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
49.00 (-eV)
29
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
355.88 pm
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
9.07 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
8.86 g/cm3
23
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
28.30 GPa
25
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
44.40 GPa
27
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
69.90 GPa
29
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.24
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
9.07
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
28.12 J/mol·K
11
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
14.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
261.00 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
17.20 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
73.10 J/mol.K
11
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