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Erbium Ytterbium Comparison

Erbium
Ytterbium
Ytterbium Erbium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
Yb   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440520   
35
7440644   
26
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
Sources
Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1878   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
824.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
1,196.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
343.00 MPa   
31
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
206.00 MPa   
33
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
Yb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.06   
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
70   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
70   
99+
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
103   
31
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
70   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
242.00 pm   
12
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
173.05 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Thulium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Lutetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
50.30 (-eV)   
27
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
548.47 pm   
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
58.00 MPa   
18
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
9.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
30.50 GPa   
39
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
23.90 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
0.21   
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
6.97   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
38.50 W/m·K   
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
26.30 K   
7
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
Summary >>
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