Erbium Ytterbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Er
Yb
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440520
35
7440644
26
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1842
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C
28
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C
99+
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa
11
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa
19
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s
28
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24
36
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.06
33
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76
18
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68
99+
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
68
99+
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
99
33
103
31
Number of Electrons
68
99+
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm
19
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu
99+
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol
25
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)
29
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm
39
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3
99+
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3
23
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
20
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa
25
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa
27
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa
29
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24
28
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.07
32
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K
11
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K
99+
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol
35
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol
15
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K
11
59.90 J/mol.K
21
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