Yttrium Lithium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Y
Li
Group Number
3
15
1
17
Period Number
5
2
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7440655
25
7439932
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Johan August Arfwedson
Discovery
In 1794
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %
17
6 * 10-7 %
18
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.00017 %
11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
27
180.54 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
21
1,347.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.60
21
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa
22
5.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
23
6,000.00 m/s
3
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y
Li
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
8
30
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
0.98
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65
29
0.89
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.97
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.12
38
0.91
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
3.02
8
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
2.90 eV
37
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39
99+
3
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[He] 2s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
39
99+
3
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
4
99+
Number of Electrons
39
99+
3
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
152.00 pm
31
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
128.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
182.00 pm
35
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu
99+
6.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
21
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
30
19.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm
31
351.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
16
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
99+
0.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
99+
0.51 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
109.00 (Pa)
2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa
30
4.20 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa
30
11.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa
32
4.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24
26
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.47
99+
0.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m
8
92.80 nΩ·m
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
30
59.60 kJ/mol
16
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
27
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
99+
84.80 W/m·K
20
Critical Temperature
Not Available
3,223.00 K
1
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
18
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
16
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
18
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
33
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
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