1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74406557440177
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.5 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.0 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,523.00 °C38.89 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.5.2 Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
5.6.1 Vickers Hardness
5.9 Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
5.11 Optical Properties
5.11.1 Refractive Index
5.11.2 Reflectivity
5.12 Allotropes
5.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.5 Electronegativity
6.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.1.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.1.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.1.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.1.6 Allen Electronegativity
7.2 Electropositivity
7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.4 Ionization Energies
7.4.1 1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.4.2 2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.1 3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.6.2 4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.6.4 5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.7.2 6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.7.3 7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.7.5 8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.7.7 9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.8.1 10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.1.2 11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
8.1.6 12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
8.2.3 13th Energy Level
8.2.5 14th Energy Level
8.2.7 15th Energy Level
9.2.1 16th Energy Level
9.3.1 17th Energy Level
9.3.2 18th Energy Level
9.4.1 19th Energy Level
9.5.1 20th Energy Level
9.6.2 21st Energy Level
9.6.4 22nd Energy Level
9.6.6 23rd Energy Level
9.6.7 24th Energy Level
9.7.1 25th Energy Level
9.7.2 26th Energy Level
9.7.3 27th Energy Level
9.7.4 28th Energy Level
9.7.5 29th Energy Level
9.7.6 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
190.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
88.91 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
364.74 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa2.50 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa2.40 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.2.2 Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.4 Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.5 Critical Temperature
2.6 Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.7 Enthalpy
2.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.9.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.10 Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1