Ytterbium vs Polonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Po
Group Number
Not Available
16
2
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1878
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
2.00
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
84
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
84
32
Number of Neutrons
103
31
125
19
Number of Electrons
70
99+
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
Not Available
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
Not Available
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
Not Available
|
||
|
||
|
