Lead vs Potassium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb
K
Group Number
14
4
1
17
Period Number
6
4
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkali
CAS Number
7439921
99+
7440097
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
23
0.07 %
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
26
1.50 %
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.04 %
3
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
8
0.20 %
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
10
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C
99+
63.65 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
99+
774.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
0.40
23
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
99+
0.36 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
99+
2,000.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb
K
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
13
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
4
0.45
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
0.91
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
2
0.73
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
8
0.73
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
99+
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
31
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
2.30 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82
34
19
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Ar] 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
82
34
19
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
20
99+
Number of Electrons
82
34
19
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
19
227.00 pm
3
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
203.00 pm
9
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
275.00 pm
5
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
30
39.10 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
27
45.46 cm3/mol
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
99+
10.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
16
532.80 pm
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
33
0.86 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
15
0.83 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
20
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
99+
1.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
24
3.10 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
99+
3.53 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44
3
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
25
0.86
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
16
72.00 nΩ·m
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
28
48.40 kJ/mol
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
26
29.60 J/mol·K
6
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
38
102.50 W/m·K
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,223.00 K
3
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
17
64.70 J/mol.K
18
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