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Potassium vs Polonium

Potassium
Polonium
Polonium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K   
Po   
Group Number
1   
17
16   
2
Period Number
4   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440097   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1807   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %   
9
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %   
6
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %   
3
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %   
2
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40   
23
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45   
31
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91   
39
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73   
23
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.73   
99+
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
19   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm   
3
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm   
5
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm   
12
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K   
15
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
Not Available   
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