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Potassium vs Polonium

Potassium
Polonium
Polonium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
Po  
Group Number
1  
17
16  
2
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
221.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %  
9
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
2
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
23
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
2.00  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
31
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
39
1.76  
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
23
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
125  
19
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
3
168.00 pm  
23
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
5
197.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
3
22.23 cm3/mol  
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
Not Available  
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
12
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
9.32  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
22
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
6
26.40 J/mol·K  
28
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
3
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
18
Not Available  
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