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Potassium vs Thorium

Potassium
Thorium
Thorium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K   
Th   
Group Number
1   
17
0   
18
Period Number
4   
7   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440097   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1807   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %   
9
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %   
6
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %   
3
0.00 %   
15
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %   
2
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C   
99+
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
774.00 °C   
99+
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40   
23
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa   
99+
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45   
31
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91   
39
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73   
23
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.73   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV   
99+
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19   
99+
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19   
99+
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
142   
15
Number of Electrons
19   
99+
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm   
3
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm   
5
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu   
99+
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm   
12
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa   
99+
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa   
99+
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa   
99+
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86   
99+
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K   
15
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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