Polonium vs Neodymium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Nd
Group Number
16
2
1
17
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7440008
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
221.00
3
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1898
In 1885
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
30
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
30
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
1,010.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
3,127.00 °C
28
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
265.00 MPa
35
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
345.00 MPa
27
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,330.00 m/s
38
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Nd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.14
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.86
13
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.20 eV
34
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
60
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
60
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
84
40
Number of Electrons
84
32
60
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
181.00 pm
13
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
201.00 pm
10
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
229.00 pm
20
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
144.24 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
20.60 cm3/mol
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
365.80 pm
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
7.01 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
6.89 g/cm3
36
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
101.00 (Pa)
2
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
16.30 GPa
38
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
31.80 GPa
37
Young's Modulus
Not Available
41.40 GPa
40
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
16
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
7.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
643.00 nΩ·m
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
27.45 J/mol·K
17
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
16.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
273.00 kJ/mol
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
322.00 kJ/mol
32
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
71.50 J/mol.K
13
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