iridium

thorium

mbandhingaké iridium lan thorium

iridium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74398857440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Fm_ 3M

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

unsur Iridium occurs minangka wesi alam Platinum lan Osmium.
unsur Iridium dikenal minangka paling metal resistance karat.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Smithson Tennant

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1803

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

2 * 10^-7 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000002 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.8 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.10 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.13 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Iridium duwe sifat anti karat lan digunakake ing alloy khusus karo logam Osmium lan alloy sing digunakake ing tips pen lan Compass bantalan poros.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry automobile, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiya0.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.5 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiya0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

2,410.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

4,527.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Putih

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

6.503.00

0.2 8.5

4.6.1 Brinell atose

1,670.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.7.1 Vickers atose

1,760.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.8 Kacepetan swara

4,825.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.9 Properties Optical

4.9.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.9.2 reflectivity

78.00 %ora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.10 allotropes

Ora

4.10.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.10.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.10.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3428

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

2.201.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.551.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.68ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.802.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

880.00 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,600.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

ora Sumadhiya1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

ora Sumadhiya2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.14 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.55 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

7790

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ⁷ 6s ²

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

7490

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

110142

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

7490

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

136.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

141.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

202.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

192.22 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

9.53 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

140.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

383.90 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

22.56 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

19.00 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

2,000.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

1.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

1.4 meksa beluk

1.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

1.5.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

1.6 situs kelenturan

1.6.1 nyukur pengaturan

210.00 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

1.6.3 pengaturan akeh

320.00 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

1.6.6 Young kang pengaturan

528.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

1.7 Poisson rasio

0.260.27

0.032 0.47

1.9 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

2 Magnetic

2.1 Ciri Magnetic

2.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

21.7811.70

0.53 4500

2.2.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

2.2.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

2.2.5 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

2.3 Properties Listrik

2.3.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

2.3.2 resistivity

47.10 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

2.3.5 konduktivitas listrik

0.19 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

2.3.9 elektron Affinity

151.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

3 termal

3.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.13 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

3.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.10 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

3.3 doyo termal

147.00 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

3.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

3.5 Expansion termal

6.40 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

3.6 enthalpy

3.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

799.10 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

3.6.4 Enthalpy saka Fusion

35.23 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

3.6.6 Enthalpy saka atomization

837.00 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

3.7 Standard molar Entropy

35.50 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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