Francium vs Thulium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr
Tm
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
7
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440735
18
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
Not Available
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
- Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1939
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
27.00 °C
99+
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
677.00 °C
99+
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
NA
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fr
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70
99+
1.25
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68
25
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.67
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30
1
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol
99+
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr
1
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
87
31
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
87
31
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
136
17
100
32
Number of Electrons
87
31
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm
1
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm
1
Not Available
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu
27
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)
99+
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
Not Available
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.06 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
Not Available
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
Not Available
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m
99+
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K
99+
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol
99+
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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